NRS 116.3115 Assessments for common expenses; funding of adequate reserves; collection of interest on past due assessments; calculation of assessments for particular types of common expenses; notice of meetings regarding assessments for capital improvements.
1. Until the association makes an assessment for common expenses, the declarant shall pay all common expenses. After an assessment has been made by the association, assessments must be made at least annually, based on a budget adopted at least annually by the association in accordance with the requirements set forth in NRS 116.31151. Unless the declaration imposes more stringent standards, the budget must include a budget for the daily operation of the association and a budget for the reserves required by paragraph (b) of subsection 2.
2. Except for assessments under subsections 4 to 7, inclusive, or as otherwise provided in this chapter:
(a) All common expenses, including the reserves, must be assessed against all the units in accordance with the allocations set forth in the declaration pursuant to subsections 1 and 2 of NRS 116.2107.
(b) The association shall establish adequate reserves, funded on a reasonable basis, for the repair, replacement and restoration of the major components of the common elements and any other portion of the common-interest community that the association is obligated to maintain, repair, replace or restore. The reserves may be used only for those purposes, including, without limitation, repairing, replacing and restoring roofs, roads and sidewalks, and must not be used for daily maintenance. The association may comply with the provisions of this paragraph through a funding plan that is designed to allocate the costs for the repair, replacement and restoration of the major components of the common elements and any other portion of the common-interest community that the association is obligated to maintain, repair, replace or restore over a period of years if the funding plan is designed in an actuarially sound manner which will ensure that sufficient money is available when the repair, replacement and restoration of the major components of the common elements or any other portion of the common-interest community that the association is obligated to maintain, repair, replace or restore are necessary. Notwithstanding any provision of the governing documents to the contrary, to establish adequate reserves pursuant to this paragraph, including, without limitation, to establish or carry out a funding plan, the executive board may, without seeking or obtaining the approval of the units' owners, impose any necessary and reasonable assessments against the units in the common-interest community. Any such assessments imposed by the executive board must be based on the study of the reserves of the association conducted pursuant to NRS 116.31152.
3. Any assessment for common expenses or installment thereof that is 60 days or more past due bears interest at a rate equal to the prime rate at the largest bank in Nevada as ascertained by the Commissioner of Financial Institutions on January 1 or July 1, as the case may be, immediately preceding the date the assessment becomes past due, plus 2 percent. The rate must be adjusted accordingly on each January 1 and July 1 thereafter until the balance is satisfied.
4. Except as otherwise provided in the governing documents:
(a) Any common expense associated with the maintenance, repair, restoration or replacement of a limited common element must be assessed against the units to which that limited common element is assigned, equally, or in any other proportion the declaration provides;
(b) Any common expense benefiting fewer than all of the units or their owners may be assessed exclusively against the units or units' owners benefited; and
(c) The costs of insurance must be assessed in proportion to risk and the costs of utilities must be assessed in proportion to usage.
5. Assessments to pay a judgment against the association may be made only against the units in the common-interest community at the time the judgment was entered, in proportion to their liabilities for common expenses.
6. If damage to a unit or other part of the common-interest community, or if any other common expense is caused by the willful misconduct or gross negligence of any unit's owner, tenant or invitee of a unit's owner or tenant, the association may assess that expense exclusively against his or her unit, even if the association maintains insurance with respect to that damage or common expense, unless the damage or other common expense is caused by a vehicle and is committed by a person who is delivering goods to, or performing services for, the unit's owner, tenant or invitee of the unit's owner or tenant.
7. The association of a common-interest community created before January 1, 1992, is not required to make an assessment against a vacant lot located within the community that is owned by the declarant.
8. If liabilities for common expenses are reallocated, assessments for common expenses and any installment thereof not yet due must be recalculated in accordance with the reallocated liabilities.
9. The association shall provide written notice to each unit's owner of a meeting at which an assessment for a capital improvement is to be considered or action is to be taken on such an assessment at least 21 calendar days before the date of the meeting.
(Added to NRS by 1991, 567; A 1993, 2371; 1995, 2230; 1997, 3119, 3120; 1999, 3008; 2001, 2491; 2005, 2603; 2009, 1734, 2805, 2892; 2011, 2447)
NRS 116.31151 Annual distribution to units' owners of operating and reserve budgets or summaries of such budgets and policy for collection of fees, fines, assessments or costs; ratification of budget.
1. Except as otherwise provided in subsection 2 and unless the declaration of a common-interest community imposes more stringent standards, the executive board shall, not less than 30 days or more than 60 days before the beginning of the fiscal year of the association, prepare and distribute to each unit's owner a copy of:
(a) The budget for the daily operation of the association. The budget must include, without limitation, the estimated annual revenue and expenditures of the association and any contributions to be made to the reserve account of the association.
(b) The budget to provide adequate funding for the reserves required by paragraph (b) of subsection 2 of NRS 116.3115. The budget must include, without limitation:
(1) The current estimated replacement cost, estimated remaining life and estimated useful life of each major component of the common elements and any other portion of the common-interest community that the association is obligated to maintain, repair, replace or restore;
(2) As of the end of the fiscal year for which the budget is prepared, the current estimate of the amount of cash reserves that are necessary, and the current amount of accumulated cash reserves that are set aside, to repair, replace or restore the major components of the common elements and any other portion of the common-interest community that the association is obligated to maintain, repair, replace or restore;
(3) A statement as to whether the executive board has determined or anticipates that the levy of one or more special assessments will be necessary to repair, replace or restore any major component of the common elements or any other portion of the common-interest community that the association is obligated to maintain, repair, replace or restore or to provide adequate funding for the reserves designated for that purpose; and
(4) A general statement describing the procedures used for the estimation and accumulation of cash reserves pursuant to subparagraph (2), including, without limitation, the qualifications of the person responsible for the preparation of the study of the reserves required by NRS 116.31152.
2. In lieu of distributing copies of the budgets of the association required by subsection 1, the executive board may distribute to each unit's owner a summary of those budgets, accompanied by a written notice that:
(a) The budgets are available for review at the business office of the association or some other suitable location within the county where the common-interest community is situated or, if it is situated in more than one county, within one of those counties but not to exceed 60 miles from the physical location of the common-interest community; and
(b) Copies of the budgets will be provided upon request.
3. Within 60 days after adoption of any proposed budget for the common-interest community, the executive board shall provide a summary of the proposed budget to each unit's owner and shall set a date for a meeting of the units' owners to consider ratification of the proposed budget not less than 14 days or more than 30 days after the mailing of the summaries. Unless at that meeting a majority of all units' owners, or any larger vote specified in the declaration, reject the proposed budget, the proposed budget is ratified, whether or not a quorum is present. If the proposed budget is rejected, the periodic budget last ratified by the units' owners must be continued until such time as the units' owners ratify a subsequent budget proposed by the executive board.
4. The executive board shall, at the same time and in the same manner that the executive board makes the budget available to a unit's owner pursuant to this section, make available to each unit's owner the policy established for the association concerning the collection of any fees, fines, assessments or costs imposed against a unit's owner pursuant to this chapter. The policy must include, without limitation:
(a) The responsibility of the unit's owner to pay any such fees, fines, assessments or costs in a timely manner; and
(b) The association's rights concerning the collection of such fees, fines, assessments or costs if the unit's owner fails to pay the fees, fines, assessments or costs in a timely manner.
(Added to NRS by 1999, 2993; A 2003, 2241; 2005, 2605; 2009, 1205, 1735, 2806)
NRS 116.31152 Study of reserves; duties of executive board regarding study; qualifications of person who conducts study; contents of study; submission of summary of study to Division; use of money credited against residential construction tax for upkeep of park facilities and related improvements identified in study.
1. The executive board shall:
(a) At least once every 5 years, cause to be conducted a study of the reserves required to repair, replace and restore the major components of the common elements and any other portion of the common-interest community that the association is obligated to maintain, repair, replace or restore;
(b) At least annually, review the results of that study to determine whether those reserves are sufficient; and
(c) At least annually, make any adjustments to the association's funding plan which the executive board deems necessary to provide adequate funding for the required reserves.
2. Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the study of the reserves required by subsection 1 must be conducted by a person who holds a permit issued pursuant to chapter 116A of NRS. If the common-interest community contains 20 or fewer units and is located in a county whose population is less than 55,000, the study of the reserves required by subsection 1 may be conducted by any person whom the executive board deems qualified to conduct the study.
3. The study of the reserves must include, without limitation:
(a) A summary of an inspection of the major components of the common elements and any other portion of the common-interest community that the association is obligated to maintain, repair, replace or restore;
(b) An identification of the major components of the common elements and any other portion of the common-interest community that the association is obligated to maintain, repair, replace or restore which have a remaining useful life of less than 30 years;
(c) An estimate of the remaining useful life of each major component of the common elements and any other portion of the common-interest community that the association is obligated to maintain, repair, replace or restore identified pursuant to paragraph (b);
(d) An estimate of the cost of maintenance, repair, replacement or restoration of each major component of the common elements and any other portion of the common-interest community identified pursuant to paragraph (b) during and at the end of its useful life; and
(e) An estimate of the total annual assessment that may be necessary to cover the cost of maintaining, repairing, replacement or restoration of the major components of the common elements and any other portion of the common-interest community identified pursuant to paragraph (b), after subtracting the reserves of the association as of the date of the study, and an estimate of the funding plan that may be necessary to provide adequate funding for the required reserves.
4. A summary of the study of the reserves required by subsection 1 must be submitted to the Division not later than 45 days after the date that the executive board adopts the results of the study.
5. If a common-interest community was developed as part of a planned unit development pursuant to chapter 278A of NRS and is subject to an agreement with a city or county to receive credit against the amount of the residential construction tax that is imposed pursuant to NRS 278.4983 and 278.4985, the association that is organized for the common-interest community may use the money from that credit for the repair, replacement or restoration of park facilities and related improvements if:
(a) The park facilities and related improvements are identified as major components of the common elements of the association; and
(b) The association is obligated to repair, replace or restore the park facilities and related improvements in accordance with the study of the reserves required by subsection 1.
(Added to NRS by 1999, 2994; A 2003, 2241; 2005, 2606; 2009, 1736, 2213; 2011, 1144)